The impact of rail transport on the environment
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are the most serious in your country? Tell about the role of rail
transport in Russian industry. Is it very important? If it’s so, explain why?
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The impact of rail transport on the environment
Answer these questions:
What environmental problems are the most serious in your country?
Tell about the role of rail transport in Russian industry. Is it very important? If it’s so, explain why?
The impact of rail transport on the environment
Railway transport in the Russian Federation plays an extremely important role. More than 75% of the total transport of goods and 40% of passenger transportation is carried out by rail. The main types of impact of rail transport on the environment are: emissions of solid, liquid and gaseous substances into all components of the environment; the alienation of territories; consumption by enterprises and rolling stock of water, fuel resources and electricity; noise and vibration. Another type of potentially dangerous for the environment is the transportation of explosive, chemical and other dangerous goods. Atmospheric emissions of railway transport enterprises contain solid substances of organic and inorganic origin: dust, carbon black - 50%, carbon monoxide - 23%, sulfur dioxide - 22%, nitrogen dioxide - 3%, others (acid and alkali vapor, fluoride compounds, hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulphide, acetone, gasoline vapor, ammonia) - 2%. In recent years, the volume of air emissions has been significantly reduced due to structural changes in the locomotive fleet - the replacement of locomotives and diesel locomotives with electric locomotives. Pollution of soil cover occurs during fuel transfusion, with open transportation of bulk cargo. Annually from passenger cars for each kilometer of the way up to 200 m3 of sewage is poured out and 12 tons of dry garbage are thrown out. The noise created by the operation of the railway transport reaches on the average 65-75 decibels at a distance of 25 m from the axis of the path. Despite all the adverse effects of rail transport on nature, it should be noted that this mode of transport is cleaner than car. This is explained, first of all, by less harmful emissions per unit of work performed. The impact of rail transport on the environment is characterized by the degree of pollution along the railways. The main evaluation criteria are: the volume of cargo transported, the presence of polluting goods, as well as the frequency of passenger trains. To the high degree of pollution, the main railroads with cargo traffic of more than 30 million tons per year in both directions and the frequency of passenger trains from 20 to 45 pairs per day are included. The width of the polluted strip can reach 300 m. The moderate degree of pollution includes railroads with a cargo traffic of 10-30 million tons per year and the frequency of passenger trains from 10 to 20 pairs per day. This category also includes roads with a cargo traffic of less than 10 million tons per year, but for which cargoes polluting the environment are transported: hard and brown coal, metallic and non-metallic ores, oil and oil products, mineral raw materials and materials. There is a low probability of pollution along railways with a freight traffic of less than 10 million tons per year and a small proportion of polluting cargo, with a frequency of passenger trains of less than 10 pairs per day.
Find the equivalents in the text
· доля загрязняющих грузов
· потенциально опасный для окружающей среды вид воздействия
· перевозка взрывчатых, химических и прочих опасных грузов
· замена паровозов и тепловозов на электровозы
· каменный и бурый уголь
· пары кислот и щелочей
· отчуждение территорий
· частота движения пассажирских поездов
Answer the questions In English:
Как происходит загрязнение почвенного покрова?
Какой процент от общих перевозок грузов приходится на ж/д транспорт?
Какое количество мусора и сточных вод ежегодно выбрасывается из пассажирских вагонов на каждый километр пути?
Почему железнодорожный транспорт является экологически более чистым, чем автомобильный?
Put the sentences in the correct order:
·The width of the polluted strip can reach 300 m.
·Annually from passenger cars for each kilometer of the way up to 200 m3 of sewage is poured out.
·Atmospheric emissions of railway transport enterprises contain solid substances of organic and inorganic origin.
·Pollution of soil cover occurs during fuel transfusion, with open transportation of bulk cargo.
·There is a low probability of pollution along railways with a freight traffic of less than 10 million tons per year.
·The main types of impact of rail transport on the environment are: emissions of solid, liquid and gaseous substances into all components of the environment.
·The main evaluation criteria are: the volume of cargo transported, the presence of polluting goods, as well as the frequency of passenger trains.